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Muthupandi, P.
- Barriers to Trade and Their Impact on Production and Export of Red Chilli in India
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore – 641 003, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, TNAU, Coimbatore – 641 003, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol 6, No 9 (2018), Pagination: 1-16Abstract
Objectives: Red Chilli is the principal spice exported to different nations from India. Even though the production and export of Red Chilli is on the increasing side, there are certain barriers which actually hinder the trade and hence the study has focused on identifying the Non-Tariff Barriers and its impact on Production and Export of Red Chilli in Tamil Nadu.
Methods/Statistical Analysis: The researcher has chosen Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and Thoothukkudi Districts as study area among the 32 districts in Tamil Nadu owing to higher area under Chilli cultivation. For the study, 120 sample farms have been chosen following a Three-Stage Random Sampling Technique. Using the time series data, the production and export performance were assessed following a Compound Growth Rate Analysis and Cop-pock’s Instability Index was also used to test the instability if any in the export trade.
Findings: Remarkable achievement in productivity of Chilli is visible only during the period of 2016-17. It might be due to the practice of adoption of precision technologies at field. The steady growth in productivity is visible from 2005-06 because of the intervention of National Horticulture Mission focusing area expansion and productivity enhancement. One of the foremost restrictions in the Consignment of Red Chilli is prevention of Pesticide Residues and the Aflatoxin toxicity. The standards set by the various importing countries for different forms of the Chilli produce varies from country to country. In this context, different export norms have to be followed by the exporters. Another issue is, the export of Red Chilli has faced some instability. The export of Chilli found to be on the higher value in terms of both Indian Rupees and US dollars during pre-globalization period and however it could be found decreasing during the post globalization era. Post Globalization period has faced decreasing trend in the export of Chilli Spice when compared to the Pre-implementation of globalization.
Applications: Findings of the study will be a guiding force to the exporters of Red Chilli in learning the regulations in vogue, product standards prescribed by different nations for follow up. Strict adherence of regulations, and the export trade has grown. Considering the performance of trade, National Horticulture Mission is taking effort to establish Spice Parks on need basis to boost the production and export to facilitate supply.
Keywords
Trade Barriers, Export of Spices, Export of Chilli, Export Instability, Export Regulations, Trade Performance.Full Text
References
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- Perception of Traders on Common Barriers to Trade of Red Chilli Spice in Tamilnadu
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology (CARDS), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Vol 9, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 346-353Abstract
The chilli being the Universal spice, the entry of number of traders into the trading activities both in domestic as well as export market is widening. The secret of increase in the number of traders and exporters is to gain higher foreign exchange through export when compared to the local market sale of red chilli. While entering into the export trade, even though the traders were in possession of import-export code, they depend some of the export houses for hassle free export besides meeting the local needs. While exporting certain products, the traders could come across certain common barriers which hinders their trade either directly or indirectly. The traders perception on the common barriers were obtained from the sample traders based on the finalized statements which was adjudged by the experts in the social sciences were provided with scores which ranges from ‘01’ to ‘05’ following a five point continuum of likert scale. Among the ten common barriers to trade identified, the perception of the traders were centered around 4.04 mean score for the sanitary and phyto sanitary issues highlighted that this issue becomes a big barrier to the traders followed by Government regulations, import quota and the certification requirements were also equally contributing as a barrier to the traders which was confirmed from their respective mean scores ranging between 3.6 to 4.0. From that one could prioritize the barrier which is found to be common among the traders and one could take appropriate effort to solve the problems that emanate from the barriers.Keywords
Perception of Traders, Common Barriers to Trade, Hidden Barriers to Trade, Scaling Techniques, Likert Scaling Technique.
References
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- Traceability systems and its impact on the farming community of Southern Tamil Nadu
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 15, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 1-14Abstract
The international organization for standardization has defined the traceability as the ability to follow the movement of food or feed through the specified stages of production, processing and distribution.Chilli is one of the principal spice exported to several countries during the pre and post-globalization era. Pesticide residues and presence of Aflatoxins in the samples of chilli cautioned the import destinations to choose the concept of traceability. Traceability addresses the hygienic production, processing and value addition practices stage by stage and framed certain minimum standards for export of chilli. Following the standards, how the traceability is addressed from farm to fork is discussed in detail and at the same time the socio-economic impact of traceability is also addressed for redefining the trade.Keywords
Traceability, Traceability Systems, Value Chain, Socio-Economic Impact of Farming Community.References
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- Mugadza, K.G. (2014). An assessment of the current state of traceability of South African retailers in the fresh vegetable supply chain. (An unpublished Dissertation Submitted for the Award of M.S. Engineering to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand: Johannesburg) 01-121pp.
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